The goal of diabetes treatment is basically to control blood sugar glikemi or to achieve near-normal glucose levels (blood sugar levels healthy people). However, in the middle of this treatment have prevented the occurrence of hypoglycemia or blood sugar levels are too low. If the goal is not achieved then the patient with diabetes will feel healthier and enjoy a better quality of life. In addition, the incidence of serious complications and life-threatening patient can be prevented.
Hemoglobin is the part of red blood cells that transports oxygen. one of types of Hb is HbA and HbA1c is a specific subtype of HbA, (Ruslianti,2008). The higher levels of blood glucose, HbA1c will be more quickly formed, which resulted in high levels of HbA1c. HbA1c is also a single examination best to assess the risk of tissue damage caused by high blood sugar levels. For example, in the nerves and small blood vessels in the eyes and kidneys. besides It also can assess the risk of complications from diabetes
.
Insulin is a hormone naturally released by the pancreas. Insulin is needed by the body's cells to change and use of blood glucose (blood sugar), from glucose, the cells make energy required to perform its functions. patients with diabetes does not have the ability to retrieve and use the blood sugar, so that blood sugar levels rise. In type I diabetes, the pancreas can not produce of insulin. Thus insulin administration is required. In type 2 diabetes, patients produce insulin, but the cell body does not meerespon insulin normally. However, insulin
also used in type 2 diabetes to overcome the resistance of cells to insulin. with increase in glucose uptake by cells and decreased blood sugar levels, will prevent and reduce further complications from diabetes, such as damage to blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves. Insulin is given by injection under the skin (subcutaneous).
Abdominal subcutaneous tissue is the best because it is more consistent insulin absorption compared to other places. There are many forms of insulin. insulin dikasifikasikan on the basis of how quickly the insulin starts to work and how long the insulin works
Type of insulin consists of:
1. Fast action (rapid acting)
2. Action short-short-acting)
3. Action medium (intermediate acting)
4. Action time (long-acting)
5. Mixed (Pre-mixed)
Selection of the type of insulin depends on several factors, namely:
1. Individual body's response to insulin (how long to absorb the insulin into the body
and remain active in the body varies from each individual)
2. Lifestyle choices such as: types of food, how much alcohol consumption, how
frequent exercise, which all influence the body to respond to insulin.
3. How many injections per day who want to do.
4. How often to check blood sugar levels.
5. age
6. Target blood sugar regulation.
Still the presence of multiple constraints often lead to the use of insulin delay of good blood glucose control for patients with diabetes mellitus. according toGklinis (2004), Type 2 DM patients (DMT2) having control of blood glucose is not either by the use of oral antidiabetic drugs should be considered for addition
insulin as a combination therapy with a single oral medication or insulin. Insulin is given earlier and more aggressive and show a better clinical outcome, especially regardingglukotoksisitas problems. This is shown by an improved beta cell function the pancreas. Insulin also has other beneficial effects in relation to
complications of DM. Insulin therapy can prevent endothelial damage, suppress the inflammatory process,
reduce the incidence of apoptosis, and improve lipid profiles. Thus, in summary can be said that the clinical outcomes of patients given insulin therapy will be moregood. Insulin, especially insulin analogue, is a kind of good because it has a profile secretion is very close to the normal pattern of insulin secretion or physiologica
In order to achieve good treatment, it would require insulin to resemble the characteristics of healthy people, namely insulin levels that are appropriate to the needs basal and prandial. Basal insulin, prandial insulin in addition, is one treatment strategies to improve fasting blood glucose levels or before meals. bybecause of blood glucose after eating is a condition that is affected by glucose levels Fasting blood, it is expected that by lowering the basal blood glucose levels, glucose levels blood after meals also come down. How to basal insulin administration can be done with provision of rapid-acting insulin intravenous drip (only performed on hospitalized patients), or with the provision of long-acting insulin subcutaneously.
Ideally, according to the physiological state of the body, insulin therapy was administered once to needs three times with basal and prandial insulin needs after a meal. yet Thus, insulin therapy is given may vary according to patient comfort during insulin therapy approached physiological needs. Although many ways that you can recommended, but the basic principle is the same, ie, prandial insulin combined with basal insulin in an attempt to mimic physiological insulin secretion.
Hemoglobin is the part of red blood cells that transports oxygen. one of types of Hb is HbA and HbA1c is a specific subtype of HbA, (Ruslianti,2008). The higher levels of blood glucose, HbA1c will be more quickly formed, which resulted in high levels of HbA1c. HbA1c is also a single examination best to assess the risk of tissue damage caused by high blood sugar levels. For example, in the nerves and small blood vessels in the eyes and kidneys. besides It also can assess the risk of complications from diabetes
.
Insulin is a hormone naturally released by the pancreas. Insulin is needed by the body's cells to change and use of blood glucose (blood sugar), from glucose, the cells make energy required to perform its functions. patients with diabetes does not have the ability to retrieve and use the blood sugar, so that blood sugar levels rise. In type I diabetes, the pancreas can not produce of insulin. Thus insulin administration is required. In type 2 diabetes, patients produce insulin, but the cell body does not meerespon insulin normally. However, insulin
also used in type 2 diabetes to overcome the resistance of cells to insulin. with increase in glucose uptake by cells and decreased blood sugar levels, will prevent and reduce further complications from diabetes, such as damage to blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves. Insulin is given by injection under the skin (subcutaneous).
Abdominal subcutaneous tissue is the best because it is more consistent insulin absorption compared to other places. There are many forms of insulin. insulin dikasifikasikan on the basis of how quickly the insulin starts to work and how long the insulin works
Type of insulin consists of:
1. Fast action (rapid acting)
2. Action short-short-acting)
3. Action medium (intermediate acting)
4. Action time (long-acting)
5. Mixed (Pre-mixed)
Selection of the type of insulin depends on several factors, namely:
1. Individual body's response to insulin (how long to absorb the insulin into the body
and remain active in the body varies from each individual)
2. Lifestyle choices such as: types of food, how much alcohol consumption, how
frequent exercise, which all influence the body to respond to insulin.
3. How many injections per day who want to do.
4. How often to check blood sugar levels.
5. age
6. Target blood sugar regulation.
Still the presence of multiple constraints often lead to the use of insulin delay of good blood glucose control for patients with diabetes mellitus. according toGklinis (2004), Type 2 DM patients (DMT2) having control of blood glucose is not either by the use of oral antidiabetic drugs should be considered for addition
insulin as a combination therapy with a single oral medication or insulin. Insulin is given earlier and more aggressive and show a better clinical outcome, especially regardingglukotoksisitas problems. This is shown by an improved beta cell function the pancreas. Insulin also has other beneficial effects in relation to
complications of DM. Insulin therapy can prevent endothelial damage, suppress the inflammatory process,
reduce the incidence of apoptosis, and improve lipid profiles. Thus, in summary can be said that the clinical outcomes of patients given insulin therapy will be moregood. Insulin, especially insulin analogue, is a kind of good because it has a profile secretion is very close to the normal pattern of insulin secretion or physiologica
In order to achieve good treatment, it would require insulin to resemble the characteristics of healthy people, namely insulin levels that are appropriate to the needs basal and prandial. Basal insulin, prandial insulin in addition, is one treatment strategies to improve fasting blood glucose levels or before meals. bybecause of blood glucose after eating is a condition that is affected by glucose levels Fasting blood, it is expected that by lowering the basal blood glucose levels, glucose levels blood after meals also come down. How to basal insulin administration can be done with provision of rapid-acting insulin intravenous drip (only performed on hospitalized patients), or with the provision of long-acting insulin subcutaneously.
Ideally, according to the physiological state of the body, insulin therapy was administered once to needs three times with basal and prandial insulin needs after a meal. yet Thus, insulin therapy is given may vary according to patient comfort during insulin therapy approached physiological needs. Although many ways that you can recommended, but the basic principle is the same, ie, prandial insulin combined with basal insulin in an attempt to mimic physiological insulin secretion.
